Common Isolates and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Urine Samples among Patients Attending a Tertiary Health Institution in South Nigeria

Aim: To identify the main isolates in Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in Federal Medical Centre Asaba as a guide to developing corresponding antibiogram to support empirical treatment of these infections.

Study Design: A three - year retrospective cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria between 1st of January 2019 to 31st December 2022.

Methodology: A three - year retrospective cross-sectional study carried out by reviewing laboratory records with a focus on identifying bacterial pathogens causing UTI as well as evaluating their antibiotics susceptibility in Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. All Urine microscopy, culture and sensitivity results from the 1st of January 2019 to 31st December, 2022 were collected and reviewed.

Results: A total number of 2113 results of subjects, 683 males and 1430 females, that attended the tertiary hospital from the 1st of January 2019 to 31st December 2022 were reviewed. The bacterial strains identified/isolated among the population studied were Staphylococcus aureus 907 (42.9%), Escherichia coli 866 (41.9%), Klebsiella spp 232 (11.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 54 (2.6%), Proteus spp 31 (1.4%), Streptococcus spp 2 (0.1%) and Pantoea spp 1.The records revealed that the organisms were isolated more in female subjects (66.7%) than male subjects (33.3%), Staphylococcus aureus 285 males, 622 females, Escherichia coli 294 males, 592 females, Klebsiella spp 62 males, 170 females, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 29 males 25 females, Proteus spp 13 males, 18 females, Streptococcus spp 2 females. Pantoea spp 1 female as well. The highest percentages of resistance have been observed against tested antibiotics.

Conclusion: Most of the isolates were extended spectrum β-lactamase producers and multidrug-resistant. We observed that Gram-negative bacteria were the main cause of UTIs where the predominant microorganism was E. coli.